分词 　　

1、中文：他理发了。 　　(误)He had his hair to be cut. 　　(正)He had his hair cut.(have，get+宾语+过去分词表示使…被。) 　　2、中文：他喜欢喝凉开水。 　　(误)He likes to drink boiling water. 　　(正)He likes to drink boiled water.(现在分词表示主动，boiling water指正在沸腾的水;过去分词表示完成，boiled water指沸腾过的水。) 　　3、中文：由于做饭，他看上去累了。 　　(误)He looked tiring with cooking. 　　(正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的，tired表示人被弄疲倦了。) 　　4、中文：我不能让别人明白我的意思。 　　(误)I couldn't make myself understand. 　　(正)I couldn't make myself understood.(过去分词表示被动，make myself understood表示使我被别人明白。) 　　5、中文：昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。 　　(误)I was walking to school yesterday morning，I met a friend of mine. 　　(正)Walking to school yesterday morning，I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句分词构句表时间。) 　　6、中文：假期结束了，约翰返回了学校。 　　(误)The vacation was over，John returned to school. 　　(正)The vacation being over，John returned to school.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词，后一句独立分词构句表时间。) 　　7、中文：戴帽子的工人躺在地上。 　　(误)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground. 　　(正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.(带帽子是主动行动，要用现在分词wearing a hat表示。) 　　8、中文：小女孩站在那里哭了。 　　(误)The little girl stood there cried. 　　(正)The little girl stood there crying.(哭是主语the little girl发出的行动，要用现在分词crying表示。) 　　9、中文：天气好，我们今天要去郊游。 　　(误)Being fine， we'll go outing today. 　　(正)It being fine， we'll go outing today.(前一句错在分词构句所表示的动作不是主句的主语发出的;后一句加上表示气候的It作逻辑主语，构成独立分词构句表原因。) 　　不定式 　　1、中文：为了准时，我们加快了步伐。 　　(误)So as to be in time we hurried. 　　(正)In order to be in time we hurried.(so as to只可放在句中，in order to可放在句首或句中。) 　　2、中文：你说这些话真傻。 　　(误)It's very foolish for you to say so. 　　(正)It's very foolish of you to say so.(表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时，介词要用of.) 　　3、中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗? 　　(误)Didn't you ask them to never do that? 　　(正)Didn't you ask them never to do that?(never要放在to之前。) 　　4、中文：你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗? 　　(误)Here is a new book for you to read it. 　　(正)Here is a new book for you to read.(作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语，实际上就是它所修饰的new book，其后不可再加宾语。) 　　5、中文：他够年龄，可以上学了。 　　(误)He is old enough so that he can go to school. 　　(正)He is old enough to go to school.(形容词+enough+不定式表示足够…而可。) 　　6、中文：他太好了，寄给我许多书。 　　(误)He was so good to send me a lot of books. 　　(正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.(so……as to表示如此…以致。) 　　7、中文：你最好不要在下雨天出去。 　　(误)You had better not to go out in the rain. 　　(正)You had better not go out in the rain.(had better(not)后接原形不定式。) 　　8、中文：你喜欢听别人谈话吗? 　　(误)Do you like listening to others to talk? 　　(正)Do you like listening to others talk?(感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。)